# Reference architecture (/docs/data/reference-architecture)



Data groups the platform services that focus on ingestion, streaming, analytical processing, and business intelligence.

## Architecture view [#architecture-view]

<Mermaid
  chart="flowchart TD
    U[&#x22;Users and Data Teams&#x22;] --> BI[&#x22;Superset&#x22;]
    U --> KF[&#x22;Kubeflow&#x22;]

    SRC[&#x22;Source Systems&#x22;] --> AB[&#x22;Airbyte&#x22;]
    AB --> OBJ[&#x22;S3-compatible object storage&#x22;]
    AB --> SQL[&#x22;PostgreSQL&#x22;]
    AB --> ABTMP[&#x22;Airbyte workflow engine&#x22;]

    EVT[&#x22;Event Producers&#x22;] --> KAF[&#x22;Kafka&#x22;]

    KF --> PROFILE[&#x22;Kubeflow Profile&#x22;]
    PROFILE --> PROV[&#x22;Profile bucket provisioner&#x22;]
    PROV --> OBJ
    PROV --> TUP[&#x22;Tuples&#x22;]
    PROV --> LAKE[&#x22;Lakekeeper Iceberg catalog&#x22;]

    KF --> SPARK[&#x22;Spark Operator&#x22;]
    SPARK --> LAKE
    LAKE --> OBJ
    LAKE --> SQL
    LAKE --> FGA[&#x22;OpenFGA&#x22;]

    TUP --> KC[&#x22;Keycloak&#x22;]
    TUP --> FGA
    TUP -. optional audit events .-> KAF

    BI --> KC
    BI --> SQL

    KAF --> CORE[&#x22;AI Consumers&#x22;]"
/>

## Data domains [#data-domains]

| Domain                     | Main role                                            | Example components         |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Business intelligence      | Explore and visualize analytical data                | Superset                   |
| Data ingestion and ETL     | Move and synchronize data across systems             | Airbyte                    |
| Event streaming            | Carry and distribute streaming events                | Kafka                      |
| ML pipelines and notebooks | Build, run, and track ML/DL/GenAI workflows          | Kubeflow                   |
| Lakehouse                  | Catalog and process governed Iceberg tables          | Lakekeeper, Spark Operator |
| Tenant data services       | Provision tenant data configuration and audit events | Tuples                     |

## Design intent [#design-intent]

Data gives BullSequana AI a dedicated data and analytics layer that complements the Foundation and AI tiers. It allows the platform to support AI systems that rely on richer data movement, event flows, analytical querying, and business reporting.